Which of the following statements are correct in respect of Types of Majority in Parliament ? (1) Absolute majority-More than 50% of the House's total Strength (2) Simple Majority-The majority of more than 50% of those present and voting (3) Effective Majority: Majority of the House's effective strength. (4) Effective Strength: means total strength excluding number of vacancies (5) Special Majority: Majority of 2/3 members of total strength of the House

Explanation

Simple This refers to a majority of more than 50% of the members present and voting in the House. Also known as Functional or Working majority, this is the most commonly used type of majority. When the law does not specify the kind of majority needed, a simple majority is used for passing bills or motions. Absolute This refers to a majority of more than 50% of the House's total membership. Effective This refers to a majority of more than 50% of the effective strength of the House. In the Constitution, an effective majority is mentioned as all the then members Special Any majority other than simple, absolute and effective are called Special Majorities. Special Majority as Per Article 249: requires a majority of 2/3rd members present and voting. To pass the Rajya Sabha resolution to empower the parliament to make laws in the state list. Special Majority as Per Article 249: requires a majority of 2/3rd members present and voting. To pass the Rajya Sabha resolution to empower the parliament to make laws in the state list. Special Majority as Per Article 61: requires a majority of 2/3rd members of the total strength of the house. For the impeachment of the Indian President. Special Majority as Per Article 368: requires a majority of 2/3rd members present and voting supported by more than 50% of the total strength of the house. This type of majority is used for most of the Constitutional amendment bills. Cases where special majority as per article 368 is used: To pass a constitutional amendment bill which does not affect federalism. Removal of judges of SC/HC. Removal of CEC/CAG. Approval of national emergency requires special majority as per Article 368 in both houses. Resolution by the state legislature for the creation/abolition of Legislative Council.