ibps-so 2016 · Question 32 of 394

Two distinct exercises were carried out upon the cheque-return module of Chandrabhaga Urban Bank. In the rst, the design documents and the code were reviewed against the approved speci cation, and every requirement in that speci cation was traced to the design element and the module that implemented it, so as to establish that what had been built agreed with what had been speci ed. In the second, the nished module was placed before the o cers of three branches and exercised upon a fortnight of real return memos, so as to establish that what had been speci ed was in fact what the branches needed to do their work. The two exercises are, respectively:

1. AVeri cation and validation — veri cation asking whether the product is being built right, that is, in conformity with its speci cation, and validation asking whether the right product is being built, that is, one that meets the user's actual needCorrect
2. BValidation and veri cation — validation asking whether the product conforms to its speci cation and veri cation whether it meets the user's need
3. CUnit testing and integration testing — the rst exercising a module in isolation and the second the assembled modules together
4. DQuality control and quality assurance — the rst improving the process by which the product is made and the second examining the product itself by users at their own premises
5. EAlpha testing and beta testing — the rst conducted by the developer's own sta and the second