Consider the following statements. Assertion (A): 1 is a prime number. Reason (R): A prime number has exactly two factors, 1 and itself.

Explanation

Given: Assertion (A): 1 is a prime number. Reason (R): Prime number definition (exactly two factors). Solution: Check A: 1 is NOT a prime number. It has only one factor (1). So A is false. Check R: The definition of a prime number is indeed that it has exactly two distinct factors: 1 and the number itself. So R is true. Final Answer So the correct answer is (b)