The effective length 'L' of a column hinged at both ends as compared to its actual length 'l' is-

Explanation

Concept: The maximum load at which the column tends to have lateral displacement or tends to buckle is known as buckling or crippling load. Load columns can be analyzed with the Euler’s column formulas can be given as For both end hinged, n = 1 For one end fixed and other free, n = 1/2 For both end fixed, n = 2 For one end fixed and other hinged, n = √2 Effective Length: P = ​ L2 n π EI 2 2 Calculation: Given, for both ends fixed columns n = 1 Therefore,