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OPSC OCS 2025 · Question 72 of 84

Consider the following description of a demographic trend in India: "Between 1971 and 2021, India's Total Fertility Rate (TFR) declined from 5.2 to 2.0. During the same period, the proportion of the population aged 60 years and above increased from 5% to over 10%. The working-age population (15-59 years) peaked around 2020 and is projected to begin declining after 2040." (2025) Based on this description, which of the following statements is most accurate?

Geography

  1. AIndia has already entered the fourth stage of demographic transition.
  2. BThe demographic dividend window in India is now closed because the working-age population has already started declining.
  3. CIndia's TFR is still above replacement level (2.1), so the population will continue to grow indefinitely.
  4. DThe increase in elderly population means India will face ageing-related challenges even while the working-age population is still large.Correct

Answer: D. The increase in elderly population means India will face ageing-related challenges even while the working-age population is still large.

Explanation

Option A is incorrect. The fourth stage of demographic transition is characterised by very low fertility rates (below replacement level), low mortality rates, and population stabilisation or decline.

Source: OPSC OCS Prelims 2025 GS Paper-I (Set D); answers per Apti Plus unofficial key

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