India is one of the few countries experiencing falling child sex ratio. Which among the following statements could be the major reasons behind this phenomenon? 1. High female infant mortality (relative to male infant mortality). 2. Female foeticide.

Explanation

Sex-Selective Practices: One of the primary reasons is the practice of sex-selective abortions, often driven by a preference for male children. The availability of ultrasound technology for prenatal sex determination has facilitated this practice despite being illegal. Socio-Cultural Factors: Deep-rooted socio-cultural norms and preferences for male heirs can contribute to discrimination against female children. In some communities, there is a historical preference for male offspring for reasons related to inheritance, dowry, and carrying on the family name. Son Preference: The preference for male children, often driven by beliefs about male lineage continuity, financial responsibilities related to dowry, and perceived social status, contributes to the imbalance. Dowry System: The dowry system, prevalent in many parts of India, places a financial burden on the families of girls during marriages. This can be a significant factor in families preferring male children to avoid future dowry expenses.