Consider the following statements regarding the Rig Veda. 1. It mentions the Aryans as a cultural community. 2. It has many commonalities with Avesta. 3. It mentions Saraswati as naditarna. 4. It indicates that the dasyus kept cattle for dairy products. Which of the following are correct?

Explanation

In any case, scholars point out that, even in ancient times, the Aryan identity as asserted in the Rig Veda was cultural, religious, and linguistic, not racial. Theories about the homeland of the Aryans have been in news of late because of genetic studies. The theory that ascribes an indigenous origin to the Aryans can be shown to be untenable on very simple considerations based on a comparative study of the Rig Veda (RV) and the related Zoroastrian sacred text Avesta (AV). The Rig Vedic and Avestan languages are essentially the same, with very minor differences in grammar. They share a common vocabulary in the fields of mythology, ritual, culture, and religious practices. There are some phonetic differences but the changes take place according to well-defined rules (Sanskrit s into h, h into z). Ahura in AV (as in Ahura Mazda) is cognate with asura in RV with the same meaning, lord (asura as a demon is a later development.) Yama son of Vivasvan is known to AV. Nabhanedishta is a son of Manu in RV; it becomes a common noun in AV meaning nearest in relation . Saraswati (Naditarna) is mentioned as the holiest river in Rig Veda, named after Harakwati (Helmand River) in south Afghanistan. In Rig Veda, the popular Indological Approach was to treat dasas' and dasyus' as non-Aryans' natives of India in opposition to Aryans'. Dasa: 54 hymns and 63 verses and Dasyus: 65 hymns, 80 verses. The accounts of conflict between the Aryans and the Dasas and Dasyus are acknowledged in Rig Veda. It describes that Dasas and Dasyus were people who do not perform sacrifices or obey the commandments of God. Their speech is described as Mishra'. Dasas and Dasyus were early Indo-Aryan immigrants who arrived before the Vedic Aryans into the subcontinent.