NABARD Grade A (Assistant Manager) 2022 · Question 96 of 190

Read the passage and answer the questions that follow. The government has recently rolled out a national strategy for artificial intelligence (AI) and identified five sectors (health care, agriculture, education, infrastructure and transportation) for its adoption. AI, in layman's terms, is 'prediction' using algorithms and data. When a machine uses intelligence to learn from the past data, it mimics 'human-like' ability. Hence the term 'artificial intelligence'. The fundamental principle behind AI has existed for many decades. What has now changed is our capability to rapidly acquire or generate a large amount of data and use it to derive meaningful conclusions using powerful computers. Success in developing tools and applications based on AI, however, will depend on how well we understand the underlying data and the processes that we put in place towards data generation, annotation, quality control, storage, security, sharing and mining. How can AI make a real and visible difference to the Indian health-care system and its farmers? Currently, there is no connection between hospital systems around the country and the underlying data on patient health records, diagnosis, and treatment outcome. Additionally, our health-care system is primarily based on providing reactive treatment rather than preventive care. A nation-wide uniform and centralised data-deposition system is a good first step. This can be incorporated under the recently announced National Health Policy, 2017 and has the potential to significantly change patient diagnosis and treatment, and aid in preventive health management. For example, using mobile phones with a camera, patients in villages can send their eye images to ophthalmologists who can confirm the diagnosis and recommend, if required, immediate clinical intervention. There are two instances that farmers can significantly gain from using AI. First, in predicting weather successfully and, therefore guidance, in what to grow and what price they can expect. Additionally, such tools can help farmers monitor soil health, mine historical weather data including satellite imagery, predict the price of agricultural products and maintain supply-chain efficiency. Successful development of AI-based applications in both health care and agriculture requires not just in taking care of the underlyingdata but also in integrating knowledge and innovation from other areas of biotechnology. For example, an AI-based integrated system with data from a large number of patients' genomes along with patient history and disease epidemiology can accurately predict clinical outcomes, like metastasis in cancer patients. As much as it is one of the crucial technologies for the future, AI must not come at the cost of the privacy of our citizens. The government must put in place proper checks and balances against its misuse through legally ________________ (5) and long-term policy guidelines, and a regulatory framework. By making national data centres for sensitive human data with a robust policy on data collection, use, inference, privacy, release and security, AI-based tools can enhance, rather than hinder, the growth and access to technology related to patient data and prevent misuse of personal data by private individuals, government and corporations. In the passage, it is mentioned that the basic principle behind AI is not new to us. So, the recent changes are in terms of what factors? (i) AI can now perform like a human being, by remembering past experiences. (ii) AI can now process large amount of data, that was obtained or produced, using advanced computers. (iii) AI can now detect loopholes in the structure of various sectors. (iv) AI can now word independently, without human intervention.

Reading Comprehension

1. AOnly iiCorrect
2. Bi, ii and iii
3. Cii and iv
4. Di and iii
5. EAll are correct