ibps-so 2024 · Question 32 of 209

How do open market operations influence the money supply, and consequently, interest rates? Read the following passage and answer the given questions. Monetary policy refers to the actions taken by a central bank to control the money supply and interest rates in an economy to achieve specific goals, such as price stability, and economic growth. Central banks use various tools to implement monetary policy, including open market operations, reserve requirements, and discount rates. One key tool of monetary policy is open market operations, whereby the central bank buys or sells government securities in the open market. When the central bank buys securities, it injects money into the banking system, increasing the money supply and lowering interest rates. Conversely, when it sells securities, it withdraws money from the banking system, reducing the money supply and raising interest rates. Another tool is reserve requirements, which mandate the amount of reserves banks must hold against their deposits. By adjusting reserve requirements, central banks can influence the amount of money banks can lend out, thereby affecting the money supply and interest rates. 11 www.careerpower.in | Additionally, central banks set the discount rate, which is the interest rate at which banks can borrow funds directly from the central bank. By raising or lowering the discount rate, central banks can influence the cost of borrowing for banks, thus impacting the overall level of lending and economic activity. Monetary policy decisions have significant implications for various __________________of the economy. Lowering interest rates, for example, can stimulate borrowing and investment, leading to increased consumer spending and economic growth. However, it can also lead to inflation if the economy overheats. Conversely, raising interest rates can help control inflation but may also slow down economic activity and increase unemployment. Understanding the intricacies of monetary policy and its implications is crucial for policymakers, businesses, and individuals alike, as it directly influences the overall health and stability of the economy.

1. ABy directly controlling the exchange rates of the national currency.
2. BBy regulating the flow of foreign investments into the domestic market.
3. CBy trading government securities to influence money supply and interest rates.Correct
4. DBy imposing restrictions on international capital movements.
5. EBy setting caps on interest rates for consumer loans.