IBPS PO 2025 · Question 32 of 200

The present ages of A, B and C are in the ratio 3:4:5. Eight years ago, the sum of their ages was 48 years. Find C's present age.

1. A27 years
2. B24 years
3. C33 years
4. D36 years
5. E30 years Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below it. Algorithmic risk-assessment tools have become increasingly common in criminal justice systems, where they are used to predict the likelihood that a defendant will reoffend or fail to appear in court. Proponents contend that such tools introduce a welcome degree of consistency into decisions — such as bail-setting and sentencing recommendations — that have historically been vulnerable to the idiosyncrasies, and at times the biases, of individual judges. An algorithm, the argument runs, applies the same criteria to every defendant, unmoved by fatigue, mood, or unconscious prejudice. This optimism has been tempered by a growing body of research suggesting that these tools can encode and even amplify the very biases they were meant to eliminate. Because predictive algorithms are trained on historical arrest and conviction data, and because policing has historically been more intensive in certain neighbourhoods, the tools can learn to associate risk with factors that correlate closely with race and class, even when race is not an explicit input. A tool that appears neutral on its face may therefore reproduce, and lend a veneer of scientific objectivity to, patterns of disparate treatment that a human decision-maker might at least be capable of questioning. Compounding this concern is the problem of opacity. Many of these systems are developed by private vendors who treat their algorithms as proprietary trade secrets, making it difficult for defendants, and sometimes even for judges, to understand precisely why a given score was assigned. Legal scholars have argued that this opacity sits uneasily with due-process norms, which generally presume that a person subject to a legal determination should be able to understand and contest the basis for it. Some jurisdictions have begun to require greater transparency from vendors, while others have paused the use of such tools altogether pending further study. What remains clear is that the promise of algorithmic objectivity is considerably more complicated in practice than its proponents originally suggested.Correct